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Genitives like “axeos”

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5

I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.

When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.

greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia

share|improve this question

edited Mar 7 at 20:31

Joonas Ilmavirta

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

add a comment | 

5

I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.

When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.

greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia

share|improve this question

edited Mar 7 at 20:31

Joonas Ilmavirta

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

add a comment | 

I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.

When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.

greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia

share|improve this question

edited Mar 7 at 20:31

Joonas Ilmavirta

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

share|improve this question

edited Mar 7 at 20:31

Joonas Ilmavirta

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

share|improve this question

edited Mar 7 at 20:31

Joonas Ilmavirta

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

asked Mar 7 at 17:42

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

48.9k1271287

1 Answer
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6

For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.

Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.

Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.

This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.

share|improve this answer

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  You have convinced me that it is most likely hypercorrection. Now I just wonder how common it is.
  
  – Joonas Ilmavirta♦
  Mar 8 at 17:05
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

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6

For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.

Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.

Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.

This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.

share|improve this answer

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  You have convinced me that it is most likely hypercorrection. Now I just wonder how common it is.
  
  – Joonas Ilmavirta♦
  Mar 8 at 17:05
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

6

For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.

Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.

Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.

This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.

share|improve this answer

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  You have convinced me that it is most likely hypercorrection. Now I just wonder how common it is.
  
  – Joonas Ilmavirta♦
  Mar 8 at 17:05
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.

Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.

Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.

This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.

share|improve this answer

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474

share|improve this answer

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474

answered Mar 7 at 18:54

DraconisDraconis

18.1k22474