Біотоп


Біото́п (грец. βιος — життя і грец. τοπος — місце) — ділянка поверхні землі з більш-менш однотипними умовами існування (ґрунтом, мікрокліматом тощо). Біотоп є основною екологічною одиницею класифікації ділянок земної поверхні за ступенем їх подібності. Зазвичай біотоп заселений певним угрупованням організмів (біоценозом). Разом із біоценозом біотоп складає біогеоценоз, себто є його неорганічною компонентою. У більш вузькому тлумаченні біотоп розглядають, як середовище існування комплексу тварин, що входять у біоценоз.


Біотопи об'єднують разом у т. зв. біохори.


Приклади біотопу — ялинник, діброва, сіножать, скеля, печера, дно водойми, калюжа, болото тощо.


Термін біотоп запроваджений німецьким ученим Гессе (нім. Hesse) у 1924 році.
Біотоп є середовищем існування угруповання, чим відрізняється від оселища (= хабітату) як характеристики середовища виду або популяції.




Зміст





  • 1 Класифікація


  • 2 Див. також


  • 3 Джерела


  • 4 Посилання




Класифікація |


Див. статтю Класифікація біотопів



Див. також |


  • Біогеоценоз

  • Біохор

  • Екосистема

  • Мероценоз

  • Перелоги


Джерела |


  • Биологический энциклопедический словарь / Гл. ред. М. С. Гиляров. Москва. Изд-во Советская Энциклопедия. 1989.(рос.)


Посилання |


  • БІОТО́П



































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