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What does the symbol $W_t$ mean in the SHA-256 specification?



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InWhat does Maj and Ch mean in SHA-256 algorithm?What does “message schedule” mean in SHA-256?SHA-256: (Probabilistic?) partial preimage possible?SHA-256 Partial Collision of initial 36 bits and moreHelp converting sha256 to 32-bit streamWhat makes SHA-2 and SHA-3 have security levels half their output hash length?AES-256 mode with per-block-key being a SHA-256 of SHA-256 of secret key, random public salt and block number. What's amiss?Keys and key-stretching when authenticating requests?Cycling hashing in PBKDF's and their limitations in strength?How can I hash an input into an arbitrary domain point?










6












$begingroup$


I'm really confused about the computation about SHA 256.



$$W_t = begincases
M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
&\
sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
endcases$$



The $W_t$ variable: What's the value of $W_t$? How do I get that value?



I'm still confused because of the explanation using the English language. I'm a beginner guys, any help from you will be a plus point for me about hashing.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    6












    $begingroup$


    I'm really confused about the computation about SHA 256.



    $$W_t = begincases
    M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
    &\
    sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
    endcases$$



    The $W_t$ variable: What's the value of $W_t$? How do I get that value?



    I'm still confused because of the explanation using the English language. I'm a beginner guys, any help from you will be a plus point for me about hashing.










    share|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      6












      6








      6


      1



      $begingroup$


      I'm really confused about the computation about SHA 256.



      $$W_t = begincases
      M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
      &\
      sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
      endcases$$



      The $W_t$ variable: What's the value of $W_t$? How do I get that value?



      I'm still confused because of the explanation using the English language. I'm a beginner guys, any help from you will be a plus point for me about hashing.










      share|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      I'm really confused about the computation about SHA 256.



      $$W_t = begincases
      M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
      &\
      sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
      endcases$$



      The $W_t$ variable: What's the value of $W_t$? How do I get that value?



      I'm still confused because of the explanation using the English language. I'm a beginner guys, any help from you will be a plus point for me about hashing.







      hash sha-256






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Mar 9 at 15:57









      Squeamish Ossifrage

      22.5k132101




      22.5k132101










      asked Mar 8 at 10:00









      Onta SsOnta Ss

      416




      416




















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          9












          $begingroup$

          It is in SHA-256 message schedule (NIST-FIPS 180-4);



          The message $M$ with length $l$ is first padded as the usual way;



          • append 1 to the end of the message,

          • then, add $k$ zero bits such that $$l+1+k equiv 448 mod 512$$

          • finally, add the length of the message in 64-bit. Now, the total padded length is divisible by 512.

          After padding, the padded message parsed into $M^1,ldots,M^N$ where each has size 512-bit.



          The sub index $t$ represents 32-bits in 512 bits. Thus, The $M_t^(i)$ is the $t$-th 32-bit in the $M^(i)$ for $0 leq t leq 15$



          The $W_t$ is defined as your equation;



          $$W_t = begincases
          M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
          &\
          sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
          endcases$$



          Where
          $$sigma_1^256(x) = operatornameROTR^17(x) oplus operatornameROTR^19(x) oplus operatornameSHR^10(x)$$
          $$sigma_0^256(x) = operatornameROTR^7(x) oplus operatornameROTR^18(x) oplus operatornameSHR^3(x)$$



          $sigma_1^256(x)$ and $sigma_0^256(x)$ operate on 32 bits and produce 32 bits.



          Note: the 256 above the $sigma$ represents the 256 in SHA-256. Similarly, there is $sigma_0^512(x)$ and $sigma_1^512(x)$ for SHA-512.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 8 at 10:44






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
            $endgroup$
            – kelalaka
            Mar 8 at 11:00











          • $begingroup$
            @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
            $endgroup$
            – Richie Frame
            Mar 9 at 0:50










          • $begingroup$
            @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 2:25










          • $begingroup$
            @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 3:27











          Your Answer





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          1 Answer
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          active

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          active

          oldest

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          9












          $begingroup$

          It is in SHA-256 message schedule (NIST-FIPS 180-4);



          The message $M$ with length $l$ is first padded as the usual way;



          • append 1 to the end of the message,

          • then, add $k$ zero bits such that $$l+1+k equiv 448 mod 512$$

          • finally, add the length of the message in 64-bit. Now, the total padded length is divisible by 512.

          After padding, the padded message parsed into $M^1,ldots,M^N$ where each has size 512-bit.



          The sub index $t$ represents 32-bits in 512 bits. Thus, The $M_t^(i)$ is the $t$-th 32-bit in the $M^(i)$ for $0 leq t leq 15$



          The $W_t$ is defined as your equation;



          $$W_t = begincases
          M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
          &\
          sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
          endcases$$



          Where
          $$sigma_1^256(x) = operatornameROTR^17(x) oplus operatornameROTR^19(x) oplus operatornameSHR^10(x)$$
          $$sigma_0^256(x) = operatornameROTR^7(x) oplus operatornameROTR^18(x) oplus operatornameSHR^3(x)$$



          $sigma_1^256(x)$ and $sigma_0^256(x)$ operate on 32 bits and produce 32 bits.



          Note: the 256 above the $sigma$ represents the 256 in SHA-256. Similarly, there is $sigma_0^512(x)$ and $sigma_1^512(x)$ for SHA-512.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 8 at 10:44






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
            $endgroup$
            – kelalaka
            Mar 8 at 11:00











          • $begingroup$
            @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
            $endgroup$
            – Richie Frame
            Mar 9 at 0:50










          • $begingroup$
            @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 2:25










          • $begingroup$
            @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 3:27















          9












          $begingroup$

          It is in SHA-256 message schedule (NIST-FIPS 180-4);



          The message $M$ with length $l$ is first padded as the usual way;



          • append 1 to the end of the message,

          • then, add $k$ zero bits such that $$l+1+k equiv 448 mod 512$$

          • finally, add the length of the message in 64-bit. Now, the total padded length is divisible by 512.

          After padding, the padded message parsed into $M^1,ldots,M^N$ where each has size 512-bit.



          The sub index $t$ represents 32-bits in 512 bits. Thus, The $M_t^(i)$ is the $t$-th 32-bit in the $M^(i)$ for $0 leq t leq 15$



          The $W_t$ is defined as your equation;



          $$W_t = begincases
          M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
          &\
          sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
          endcases$$



          Where
          $$sigma_1^256(x) = operatornameROTR^17(x) oplus operatornameROTR^19(x) oplus operatornameSHR^10(x)$$
          $$sigma_0^256(x) = operatornameROTR^7(x) oplus operatornameROTR^18(x) oplus operatornameSHR^3(x)$$



          $sigma_1^256(x)$ and $sigma_0^256(x)$ operate on 32 bits and produce 32 bits.



          Note: the 256 above the $sigma$ represents the 256 in SHA-256. Similarly, there is $sigma_0^512(x)$ and $sigma_1^512(x)$ for SHA-512.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 8 at 10:44






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
            $endgroup$
            – kelalaka
            Mar 8 at 11:00











          • $begingroup$
            @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
            $endgroup$
            – Richie Frame
            Mar 9 at 0:50










          • $begingroup$
            @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 2:25










          • $begingroup$
            @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 3:27













          9












          9








          9





          $begingroup$

          It is in SHA-256 message schedule (NIST-FIPS 180-4);



          The message $M$ with length $l$ is first padded as the usual way;



          • append 1 to the end of the message,

          • then, add $k$ zero bits such that $$l+1+k equiv 448 mod 512$$

          • finally, add the length of the message in 64-bit. Now, the total padded length is divisible by 512.

          After padding, the padded message parsed into $M^1,ldots,M^N$ where each has size 512-bit.



          The sub index $t$ represents 32-bits in 512 bits. Thus, The $M_t^(i)$ is the $t$-th 32-bit in the $M^(i)$ for $0 leq t leq 15$



          The $W_t$ is defined as your equation;



          $$W_t = begincases
          M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
          &\
          sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
          endcases$$



          Where
          $$sigma_1^256(x) = operatornameROTR^17(x) oplus operatornameROTR^19(x) oplus operatornameSHR^10(x)$$
          $$sigma_0^256(x) = operatornameROTR^7(x) oplus operatornameROTR^18(x) oplus operatornameSHR^3(x)$$



          $sigma_1^256(x)$ and $sigma_0^256(x)$ operate on 32 bits and produce 32 bits.



          Note: the 256 above the $sigma$ represents the 256 in SHA-256. Similarly, there is $sigma_0^512(x)$ and $sigma_1^512(x)$ for SHA-512.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          It is in SHA-256 message schedule (NIST-FIPS 180-4);



          The message $M$ with length $l$ is first padded as the usual way;



          • append 1 to the end of the message,

          • then, add $k$ zero bits such that $$l+1+k equiv 448 mod 512$$

          • finally, add the length of the message in 64-bit. Now, the total padded length is divisible by 512.

          After padding, the padded message parsed into $M^1,ldots,M^N$ where each has size 512-bit.



          The sub index $t$ represents 32-bits in 512 bits. Thus, The $M_t^(i)$ is the $t$-th 32-bit in the $M^(i)$ for $0 leq t leq 15$



          The $W_t$ is defined as your equation;



          $$W_t = begincases
          M_t^(i) & 0 leq t leq 15 \
          &\
          sigma_1^256(W_t-2) + W_t-7 + sigma_0^256(W_t-15) + W_t-16 & 16 leq t leq 63
          endcases$$



          Where
          $$sigma_1^256(x) = operatornameROTR^17(x) oplus operatornameROTR^19(x) oplus operatornameSHR^10(x)$$
          $$sigma_0^256(x) = operatornameROTR^7(x) oplus operatornameROTR^18(x) oplus operatornameSHR^3(x)$$



          $sigma_1^256(x)$ and $sigma_0^256(x)$ operate on 32 bits and produce 32 bits.



          Note: the 256 above the $sigma$ represents the 256 in SHA-256. Similarly, there is $sigma_0^512(x)$ and $sigma_1^512(x)$ for SHA-512.







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Mar 9 at 4:19









          Richie Frame

          10.1k11530




          10.1k11530










          answered Mar 8 at 10:11









          kelalakakelalaka

          8,79032351




          8,79032351











          • $begingroup$
            so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 8 at 10:44






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
            $endgroup$
            – kelalaka
            Mar 8 at 11:00











          • $begingroup$
            @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
            $endgroup$
            – Richie Frame
            Mar 9 at 0:50










          • $begingroup$
            @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 2:25










          • $begingroup$
            @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 3:27
















          • $begingroup$
            so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 8 at 10:44






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
            $endgroup$
            – kelalaka
            Mar 8 at 11:00











          • $begingroup$
            @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
            $endgroup$
            – Richie Frame
            Mar 9 at 0:50










          • $begingroup$
            @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 2:25










          • $begingroup$
            @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
            $endgroup$
            – Onta Ss
            Mar 9 at 3:27















          $begingroup$
          so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
          $endgroup$
          – Onta Ss
          Mar 8 at 10:44




          $begingroup$
          so you mean Wt = M16.....Mn ?
          $endgroup$
          – Onta Ss
          Mar 8 at 10:44




          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
          $endgroup$
          – kelalaka
          Mar 8 at 11:00





          $begingroup$
          No. $W_1 = M_1^(i), W_2 = M_2^(i), ldots, W_15 = M_15^(i)$
          $endgroup$
          – kelalaka
          Mar 8 at 11:00













          $begingroup$
          @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
          $endgroup$
          – Richie Frame
          Mar 9 at 0:50




          $begingroup$
          @OntaSs there is no $M_16$, the 16 words of the input block are numbered 0 to 15 only
          $endgroup$
          – Richie Frame
          Mar 9 at 0:50












          $begingroup$
          @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
          $endgroup$
          – Onta Ss
          Mar 9 at 2:25




          $begingroup$
          @kelalaka Wt = M1 u mean (Wt-2) = (M1-2) ? sorry bro i learn self-taught about this. i got little confused if read mathematic formulas
          $endgroup$
          – Onta Ss
          Mar 9 at 2:25












          $begingroup$
          @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
          $endgroup$
          – Onta Ss
          Mar 9 at 3:27




          $begingroup$
          @RichieFrame yeah i got it. How about W16....W63 ? what is the value ?
          $endgroup$
          – Onta Ss
          Mar 9 at 3:27

















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