Грантха




Зразок письма грантха з храму Брахідеешварар



John 3 16 Sanskrit translation grantham script.gif


Грантха (там. கிரந்த ௭ழுத்து, санскр. ग्रन्थलिपि) — алфавіт, поширений у південній Індії до XVI століття. Імовірно є однією з гілок письма брахмі. Письмо грантха помітно вплинуло на формування писемностей малайялам, телугу, тамільської, сингальської, тибетської та інших мов. Варіант письма використовувався паллавами та отримав назву паллава-грантха. Хоча в наші дні санскрит майже завжди записується на деванагарі, в таміломовних частинах південної Індії грантху використовували для запису санскриту аж до XIX століття. На початку XX століття її стали замінювати на деванагарі (в релігійних і наукових текстах) та звичайне тамільське письмо.




Зміст





  • 1 Написання

    • 1.1 Голосні


    • 1.2 Приголосні


    • 1.3 Цифри



  • 2 Література




Написання |


Набір знаків для Грантха з'явився в стандарті Unicode 7-ї версії [1]. Шрифт, використаний у таблицях нижче називається e-Grantamil. Його взято з сайту INDOLIPI.


Наведені гліфи є пізньою формою грантха, в якій проглядаються спільні риси з сучасною тамільською писемністю.



Голосні |


Grantha Vowels.svg



Приголосні |


Grantha Consonants.svg


Подібно до інших абугід, знаки письма грантха у нейтральній формі є складом з голосним /a/. Якщо потрібно вказати відсутність «а», використовується вірама:


Grantha Halant.svg


Інші голосні вимагають вказівки діакритика:


Grantha Matras.svg


Для позначення збігів приголосних використовуються лігатури (це основний спосіб), при відсутності лігатури застосовуються надписні приголосні (при цьому всі знаки, крім нижнього, читаються без голосного).



Цифри |


Grantha Numbers.svg



Література |



  • Grantha script. In: Florian Coulmas: The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. p. 173.

  • Reinhold Grünendahl: South Indian Scripts in Sanskrit Manuscripts and Prints, Wiesbaden, 2001, ISBN 3-447-04504-3

  • K. Venugopalan: A Primer in Grantha Characters http:// dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/dig_toc.html?BOOKID=PK419.V468_1983


















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